Wednesday 12 April 2023

Reflection: The importance of layout design to the gallery curator

I recently installed an exhibition, 'Is Anybody Listening' by Photographer Craig Easton (not in VR this time, but still relevant) at Blackpool School of Arts Gallery. The exhibition came predesigned and packaged and all I had to do was install it. I measured the exhibition and chose the spacing, which is quite important as it's not just about technical uniformity, it can also subtly influence the rhythm and pace of the show etc.

The main point I want to make is how much one learns, as a curator, about the artworks when one is setting out and installing them. However, in this instance, it was already decided for me. So I now don't feel like I 'know' the artworks (photographs in this case) as much as I normally would.

Through the act of selecting and setting out a body of work for exhibition, I become aware of things that one would not notice unless you were fully immersed in the project. For me, it is very important, because I'm also putting myself into the shoes of the eventual viewer and I want to feel or sense what they are likely to do, or where they are likely to go when they enter the gallery.

My job is to help them make sense of what they see before them. I can design a layout so that most people go to a specific piece first, then another, then another etc., and with that, one lays a path of learning and understanding, that (hopefully) introduces them to more detail and nuance over the course of their visit, than they would if they were confronted with all the artworks at once. Of course, all visits are also helped by gallery info panels and labels, but not everyone reads them (or wants to read them) in the same way.

It is through the process of designing a layout, moving artwork around, trying one picture next to another and so on, that one starts to get a really good sense and understanding of the artist and their work. And this knowledge can prove invaluable and allows me to talk with confidence to people (very often my students) about the work on display.

So each time I go through the gallery, I have to make myself pause and try and learn something new about this exhibition and it is proving difficult. If I had at least been able to adjust or edit the order of the works, then I feel I would be in a much better place. This brings me to my final point and one that I have recently been thinking and writing about, and that is the traditionally fractious relationship between the artist and curator and the notion of the artist as a curator.

Now, before I go on, I would like to say that Craig Easton has designed this exhibition very well, especially so, since he does not know the space very well. But, in doing so he has removed one of the great joys of my job and with it, of course, is my greater understanding of his work. 

Other curators have not been so kind and openly speak about asking an overenthusiastic artist/want-to-be-curator to get lost. Indeed critic Jeffrey Kipnis warns against including artists in the active process of curation and design of their exhibitions - ‘a show… I understood to be selected and installed by the artist - a risky adventure, in my opinion, as the lawyer who represents himself has a fool for a client’. Curator, Robert Storr gives us a possible reason for this - ‘that some artists are very good, flexible, and creative… Quite a few are not, but only some of them are aware of it. I will be writing more on this subject in the coming months and it's not all bad.

I suppose the purpose of this post, is to highlight elements of a curator's role that are not always obvious and that removing responsibility for something from them does not necessarily help them do their job.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Wednesday 15 February 2023

Brendan Shaw, Fine Art Print: PRESTON

 

This is an update for a previous post I made about Artsteps. I have taken the same artwork, created by Brendan Shaw and created an exhibition for it using my system. I felt it would be good for comparison.


Let me know what you think in the comments...

Friday 13 January 2023

Experience: A website I created got hacked!


I produced a website for artist Jeffrey Hammond. I used WordPress and spent a considerable amount of time refining the design and content including a virtual gallery and portfolio that presents almost one hundred of Jeffrey's paintings.

The website was launched alongside the opening of an exhibition of Jeffrey's still life paintings at Blackpool School of Arts Gallery and for a week or so everything worked beautifully and we had a great response and feedback... then Jeffrey emailed me to say that the website was redirecting visitors to a porn site!

I was mortified and immediately unpublished the site and went about trying to correct the problem. However, there is no easy way of doing this. It turns out that the 'WordPress redirect malware' is a classic problem and of course, there are many companies that will remove it for you at a cost. The malware is buried deep within the code, in more than one place and I am embarrassed to say, that it is my fault that the site was exposed to it in the first place...

  1. I did not ensure the WordPress OS was up-to-date.
  2. I testedand explored many different WP plugins - not all WP verified or up-to-date.
  3. I used an unsecured contact form.
  4. I didn't use two-factor login verification.
  5. I didn't use a firewall and when I did, it was too late as the malware was already well embedded.

So how did I sort out the problem? I deleted all vestiges of the site and WordPress code and started again from scratch. However, this time I was very careful...

  1. I changed all the passwords for the WebHost and WP admin.
  2. I turned on automatic updates for WP OS, Theme and all plugins.
  3. I added a Sucuri firewall at a monthly cost.
  4. I used WP 2FA two-factor authentication.
  5. I only used verified and up-to-date plugins.
  6. I deleted any plugins I was not going to use (WP adds some automatically).
  7. Only then did I start to rebuild the site, but this time without a contact form. I need some advice about contact forms before I reinstate it.

So what was the cost?

I felt that my reputation had been damaged. Jeffrey was mortified as he had told so many people about his new website. I am very lucky in that Jeffrey has been very pragmatic and patient about it and gave me the time and trust to sort out the issue. I had to add all the images, info and titles again, in my own time and expense including the Sucuri firewall. I've had a couple of sleepless nights and I am still checking the website almost every hour to check if it is ok.

However, the expense is something I am happy to carry as Jeffrey's paintings are important and are likely to reach a large number of people and I hope I can pick up some more work from other artists on the back of it.

I have learned a lot and have come out the other side with new knowledge and experience. I am not sure I will use WordPress again... Wix and Zyro have pretty good design interfaces

You can visit Jeffrey's website here - https://www.jeffreyhammond.co.uk/

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Monday 24 October 2022

Artsteps

 I have posted about Artsteps in the past, but I have never got around to using it properly until now.

Artsteps is an online 3D gallery and exhibition creation app and it is free.

View of App

It has a very simple user interface and is quite intuitive. They provide a selection of gallery templates or you can create your own with a variety of walls, doors, textures and frames.

It felt a little restrictive, but I had fun finding creative ways to give each work (or pair of works) its own space.

I was lucky to be given a series of fine art prints, titled 'Preston' by Brendan Shaw, with which to create a virtual exhibition for him. The images can be easily uploaded, imported into the gallery, resized, and placed utilizing an eye-line tool to ensure consistency throughout the exhibition. I didn't frame the prints but left them as black-edged panels, which suited the images quite well.

Pixelated images.

I think I did a fairly decent job of laying out the exhibition and the whole experience is quite slick. However, there are some problems with the completed show. One, the images are obviously downsized by the software and appear very pixelated... even the detail view. Two, there are so many exhibitions being created worldwide, on this very popular platform, that your exhibition is immediately buried and lost and is unlikely to be seen or even found... I have had 4 visits since I published it a couple of weeks ago! (and I think two of those are from me!!!).

Artsteps saw a 60% increase in usage over lockdown and did a great job of bringing this technology to creatives. It looks like their focus is changing though, and you can now buy premium or bespoke galleries from them, which I am sure will look great, with none of the pixelation or anonymity apparent in mine. I have yet to visit Artsteps with my VR headset...

You can visit the exhibition I created here - https://www.artsteps.com/view/633582e58feea1d3cfcbce45 - (I could do with some extra hits! :). And, you can visit an exhibition I created for Brendan below and you can view my other projects on my website - https://www.cassetta.co.uk/


I will be creating a new exhibition for Brendan's featured prints over the next weeks, so watch this space.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Thursday 15 September 2022

Drive Thru' with Stephen Clarke

Covid-related lockdowns affected many exhibiting artists as galleries and exhibition venues were forced to close and artworks sat unseen. Artists found alternative internet-based platforms to exhibit their work. These platforms varied from curated webpages to immersive virtual gallery spaces. However, there were many artists who did not have a web presence, either by choice or didn’t have the technical knowledge or confidence to create one. Stephen Clarke, an artist and lecturer, based at the University of Chester, was one such person.

Stephen’s photography project, ‘Alien Resident’ was exhibited at CASC Gallery, Chester over lockdown and was subsequently closed to the public. This led me to approach him and propose a collaboration as a way of getting his work out there and give me the chance to respond to his work and design and build a bespoke virtual gallery for it.

This is the result... Drive Thru'

In the main, leading curators and critics often warn against including artists in the active process of curation and design of their exhibitions. Robert Storr says that the reasons for this source of friction are that ‘some artists are very good, flexible, and creative… Quite a few are not, but only some of them are aware of it. Touching on the finer points of exhibition design he goes on to correctly identify another potential point of friction, that the curator has to take the (hard learned) idiosyncrasies of the site into consideration, but that an artist cannot necessarily make the best decisions for placing their artworks because they are rarely immersed within the space they are going to exhibit.

Very often, a curator must find a compromise between the artist's wishes, the artworks, the gallery and the viewer and having the ability to change one of those areas can make that compromise easier to achieve and in this instance, the gallery was a complete creation in response to Stephen’s work, meant that I was able to address some of his concerns along the way, showed that these potential areas of friction did not materialise. A compromise did not need to be made.




If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Monday 28 February 2022

Music... in an online gallery?

I have always avoided virtual galleries that come with a sound track, and I have certainly never thought of adding one to my own! I didn't think it was appropriate. However, I was approached by a degree music student from UCLAN and asked if I would consider one and if they could make one for me. Yes, why not, I thought I should give it a go, and less than two weeks later received the audio file that I have attached to the gallery below. Have a listen...


Here are some rambling thoughts on it so far (there is going to be a guitar track added to it later). In no particular order (or indeed, sense) -
  • It’s quite dramatic but has a nice, tapered start which softens it... so it gives one time to turn the volume down or hit the mute button if needed, which is not a bad thing… some sound tracks to exhibitions are too ‘perky’ and ‘jazzy’. 
  • It does not feel repetitive for the time one may spend in the gallery, which on average is less than 5 mins.
  • It feels bespoke, like it has been made (or very carefully chosen) for the exhibition, which of course if has!
  • I feel the interaction between music and the photographs changes nicely with each piece. I don’t think there are any that are completely unsuited. I like that interaction, as I feel it adds another layer to the artworks. However, the artists may not agree. 
  • I think it works for the exhibition as a whole. Which is no mean feat, as there are dramatically different works on show. 
  • I think the music resembles my ambition when curating mixed artworks... I am always looking for the ‘middle way’, not too light or dark, high or low, happy or sad. Some people ,may not agree, say it’s boring or dull, needs more life, but one always has to remember that in an art exhibition, the work is the most important thing. 
Whilst it is an interesting addition to the exhibition, I am still not sure if it should be there. However, the visitor can always mute it.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Wednesday 22 December 2021

The Grand Old Dob Of Yen

I created a gallery that complemented the unencumbered mark-making and purest form of expression found in abstract painting and it was a joy to design and construct. You can learn a lot by watching a child draw and paint.


If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Friday 5 November 2021

Why Kuula?

I have been asked a couple of times recently as to why I have been using Kuula.co to present my virtual galleries, when there is far more complex and immersive web-based software out there.

The answer is a simple one - Accessibility! - this developed from the needs of my students, many of whom have limited access to technology. Revoe is an area of Blackpool, just a stones throw away from my office and it is the second most deprived area in the UK (the joke being that it is so deprived it cannot even make 1st on the list!). It is not typical, but is part of our catchment area for students.

So the technology I use has to be accessible by a broad range of screen-based tech that can be up to 10 years old!

I have explored other tour based software, but Kuula has become my preferred choice, as it loads quickly - small file size, is stable and easy to navigate.

I hope to move forward into more immersive platforms in the future, but I feel it must be dictated by my audience.

My next project in nearing completion and I can't wait to share it with you.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Tuesday 31 August 2021

REMOTE: Reflection (Navigation)

In this post, I am going to examine and reflect on the navigation and architecture of the gallery. Navigation is arguably the most important aspect to get right for the visitor. I think Kuula's software and navigation are fairly intuitive. However, to move around the gallery, one must click on a link (jump point) that takes you to a different 360 viewpoint.

I think, because of the nature of a VR tour experience, the visitor can be fairly forgiving when it comes to the number of links they have to click to get to the important information. But I think this gallery really stretches the user's patience. For example, to get to the end gallery for HE Fine Art (fairly representative of site visits) one must click on nine links! six more than an acceptable three. To negate this, I added a map, but that still entails six clicks to get to the same point. This is still unacceptable. 

    The floorplan/map

The number of visitors per click reduce considerably over that journey and is really interesting to unpick (and backs up a lot of research into this area).

CLICK            NUMBER OF VISITORS (31/08/21)

Long route

0                        1843 (start)

1                        672

2                        427

3                        213

4                        303

5                        390 (first link in HE fine art gallery)

6                        415

7                        383

8                        401

9                        94 (furthest link in HE fine art gallery)

Via Map

0                        1843 (start)

1                        570 (map)

2                        390 (first link in HE fine art gallery)

3                        415

4                        383

5                        401

6                        94 (furthest link in HE fine art gallery)

The starting figure is split three ways between the HE, FE galleries and the map. After that, the number of visitors reduces a lot over the next two/three clicks. Click numbers for four to eight (long route) and three to five (map) deviate quite a lot due to people revisiting links as they move around the gallery. However, 94 visits to the furthest link tell us that the number of individual visitors declines by the time they get there. 

I don't have access to more detailed click data so it's hard to work out exactly how people are moving around the gallery and producing the unusual numbers. But the reduction from the first to the last click in the gallery (390 to 94) shows that the number of clicks drop significantly and must represent a degree of visitor fatigue.

I attempted to bring down the overall number of clicks by introducing the map. However, a map that represented all the rooms in the gallery would have looked incredibly complex, especially as there is a lot of overlap ...one of the useful things about virtual galleries is that they can occupy the same space, but it makes creating a map of the structure very difficult!

    Overlapping galleries circled.

The number of clicks-to-data is something I must address seriously going forwards. It may be acceptable in this context, but certainly not in a more commercial environment. Perhaps, a creative way around this will appear. Any ideas?

I based the galley design on the architectural features of the Blackpool School of Arts art deco campus. Especially its foyer and staircase. I think this would have worked well, from a navigation point of view, if I had stuck to the original concept, as I did for the FE galleries...

    The art deco foyer at BSoA's Palatine building

However, when I was presented with the scorpion (created by a HE fine art student), I saw an opportunity to mix things up a bit and utilise it as an oversized sculpture in the HE foyer, because I thought the space seemed a bit empty. Unfortunately, this removed the central jump-point which would have made navigating to the different galleries a lot easier. Instead, I was left with a corner view, such that the columns covered the signs and doorways to some of the galleries.

    Hidden signage and doorways circled

I decided to go with the giant scorpion and accept that it was going to compromise some of the navigation, but I thought it was worth it at the time and felt it made the experience more interesting. I am not so sure now. I think the nod to LBTGQIA+ and Pride Month, in the FE foyer, is more subtle and sophisticated (and of course it doesn't hinder the navigation).

    The FE foyer with a clear view of signage and doorways

The navigation through the individual exhibition spaces works very well visually, with the jump-points based around a cellular plan. I used an asymmetric approach to the design and you'll notice that the doors and layouts are offset which means the viewer can decide whether to access the rooms fully or not. This is probably the most successful part of the gallery and is most likely down to classical architectural design theory being put into practice. Indeed (as I have mentioned before) I have a growing interest and respect for architecture, that I want to pursue more as the VR Gallery Project moves forward.

    This layout gives the visitor the choice of whether to visit a particular room when navigating the gallery

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.


Tuesday 17 August 2021

REMOTE: Reflection (Spacing and Layout)

My latest gallery, REMOTE, has been live for a few weeks and it's now a good time to look back at it critically. I want to take a fairly in-depth look at; spacing and layout, navigation, design, information and overall experience, so I will analyse each area in its own blog post. Starting with...

Spacing and Layout

I have an ideological idea as to how a virtual exhibition should function. I try and stick to these ideas (rules, if you like) as much as I can. However, for these larger projects, I have to make some quite large compromises and they start to look like some VR galleries I have been quite critical about in the past. This is mainly about the number of works on display and the space attributed to each of them and this is why it forms the first part of my reflection.

There are over 200 artworks in this exhibition and they are spread between rooms on a course-by-course basis. I designed the space to be expandable, so I could add new spaces as I needed them or new work appeared (new works kept appearing right up to the day before it went live!). However, every new room adds another two jump-points (or links) for the visitor to navigate, and previous data has shown me that every click of the mouse equals about a 50% reduction in visitors. So I had to keep the number of rooms (or jump-points from the entrance) to a minimum - which meant that each one had to hold more work.

I think I got the ratio of work to space to links about right for the size and type of the exhibition, but I don't have to be happy about it. It does feel a little bit too crowded. The frames do a fairly good job of creating space and protecting the context of individual works, but they have been arbitrarily distributed without much thought given for the appropriateness of them... but I did use my experience and went with what felt right without too much analysis as to why. I am not entirely certain that these frames work in the same way as traditional frames. Are they just a design gesture? Perhaps they are not needed in a traditional sense.

Different styles of framing have been used to differentiate between works. Successful?

A fairly successful device that I did use to differentiate different artworks, throughout the exhibition was size. Again I chose sizes intuitively and whilst some exhibitors may not be very happy about it, feels right (to me).

No frames in here. But the different sizes (successfully?) differentiate between different artists.

The layout of work in this exhibition has been fairly successful, but not ideal. It may be that I am never going to be able to reconcile the amount of work exhibited against the number of galleries and user experience. So in light of the size of the project, this area has worked out relatively well.

My next blog post will analyse the navigation and architectural layout of the gallery.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.

Wednesday 7 July 2021

Project Management - VR Gallery Process

 I've just completed my biggest project to date. Blackpool School of Arts (BSoA) REMOTE, virtual graduate exhibition and in this blog post I am going to describe the process I have had to go through and the problems I have encountered on the way. I will try and break it down into sections - Development, Time, Artworks, Build and Refinement. My ability to manage projects and successfully deliver them on time is one of the areas that I am good at... I think I got good at it through planning and coordinating physical exhibitions, in BSoA's gallery and external showcases across the country. I have 20 years of experience doing that.

Development

I knew this project was going to be a big one before I started. This was because I had already decided how the gallery was going to look before I started to build it and how many artworks were going into it. However, I always try and put a couple of hours a week aside where I can think about and test new ideas, new software or alternative environments. So I am now in a position where I have a library of ideas to dip into and apply to whatever project I am working on.

I knew that the gallery was going to hold a lot of work and be hosted on Kuula, so I had to ensure that navigation was easy and that I kept the jump points down to a minimum without impacting (too much) on the quality of the viewing experience.

I created a double-spoke layout with each gallery (room) based on two cells and modular so it could be expanded as artworks came in. I also created a simplified map to aid navigation.


Much of the architecture and design features were based on BSoA's main art deco building and decoration and I had to draw and sketch all the surface and material features because I wanted the gallery to have an illustrated or drawn look... I wanted to try something different to 'real' spaces.




Time

I knew it was going to take a long time to put all this together, so I broke it down into stages to help me work out when I needed to start the process in order to hit the deadline...

  • Gallery Design (2 days).
  • Get the work from participants (deadline for submission was 3 weeks before the launch date, but it actually took a week of chasing beyond that).
  • Build and render (1 week).
  • Upload to Kuula and build tour (1 day).
  • Add extra info - bios, links and other images (1 week).
  • Error checking and correcting (3 days).
  • I finished the project late evening the day before the official launch.

You can see that the most problematic area was getting work from students (which is why I gave it three weeks and not two) and this was mainly because it was beyond my control.

I should point out that within this time frame there was more than one point of no return. The most significant one came after the build and render stage as that was the point that an installation render (photograph) was taken of the gallery and artworks. If any exhibited images needed to be changed then it would need a considerable amount of rebuilding and rendering in UE4.

Artworks

Collecting artwork from the students turned into the biggest task. Photography and design-based pieces were fairly straightforward to collect as 99% of them came as digital files. However, 2D and 3D craft-based artworks had to be photographed (of course) before they could be added to the gallery.

I received a lot of photographs taken by students, usually with a phone and most of those needed considerable work in Photoshop to straighten, colour correct and crop. I photographed a lot of work on display on campus and that took me about three days and it also needed a small amount of Photoshop work (it all adds up).


Build

I designed the gallery to be modular and expandable and had created a number of room modules that could be easily snapped together depending on the number of artworks, which worked very well.

All the artwork files needed to be imported to UE4, turned into a material, attributes added (matte finish), placed into a prefab' frame or canvas (which some of my students helped me to design), and placed into the correct room at a size that worked.


The biggest problem I encountered at this stage was creating contrast between exhibited artworks. Because there were so many artworks, I could not go down the idealistic 'one room, one painting' route, so I had to rely on a traditional approach of putting many artworks in the same room. I carefully used scale and spacing to differentiate between the individual works... this process took lots of trial and error to get right (to get it to fit together well).


I also created a couple of 3D elements, especially for the fine art courses as it would not always suit the work to try and fit it into a rectangle or square. I have learned to do this in Photoshop. I was also given a 3D sculpture by a student, whose work ended up being the front piece in the HE foyer... the large black scorpion!


Once the gallery was complete I had to create a render for each viewing point or Kuula hotspot... there was 70, but it only took half a day to create them.

The next step was to upload the renders to Kuula and link them together with hotspots This was an incredibly complex task! I had to draw a large plan on the wall to help me...


Before and after

The final step was to add pop-ups that included extra images, info and links for each student... there were 140 students taking part so this took some time.

Refinement

This part is easy to dismiss but very important in ensuring a professional and polished experience outcome. I sent a link to the exhibition out to participants so they could check it and tell me about corrections... I received a tidal wave of them! The worst being missing work, as that meant going back to UE4 and rebuilding, rendering and 360 capturing every point from which the addition or change could be seen (to ensure continuity). This led me to my only late night of the project a few hours before it went public.

Conclusion

So, I just wanted to document exactly what goes into these projects, to justify it to myself and give others an insight into the process. Designing and building the galleries is getting quicker, however, it is everything else; the artworks, info and navigation that takes time and sometimes these are out of my hands and I am relying on other people. So, as I mentioned earlier, I always give that part the largest amount of time.

I will follow this post up with my critical thoughts on the gallery once the dust has settled and another on user experience.

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.


Monday 28 June 2021

Friday 7 May 2021

Minecraft Art Gallery

One of my students, James Hanks has created a virtual gallery for his photography work in Minecraft. He talks about the gallery in this video -


There are a couple of things I like about this project. James's exploration of scale and alternative viewing points, above and below is really interesting as he is clearly questioning tradition. He also experiments with different viewing experiences between a 'traditional gallery' and an external exhibition. Again, questioning the norm. He offers partial control of the experience to the visitor, by giving them a choice between artificial and natural light (sim notwithstanding). The final thing, that I really like, is how an unexpected change in the weather completely changed the experience and context of the artworks!

I would be interested to see how James manages to market this exhibition and idea (he talks briefly about it in the video).

If you are reading this blog and feel you can add something to my research then please comment… even if you are correcting me or don’t agree with something that I say.